In the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, a wide range of compounds can be obtained by oxidation reaction, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, phenols, quinones, epoxides and other oxygenated compounds, as well as dehydrogenated unsaturated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds. The oxidation reactions are carried out in the presence of oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate or oxidation catalysts. Drugs involved include: sulbactam, tazobactam, pentacarboxylic acid, caronic anhydride, caffeine, rivanol, ketoprofen, light cortisone, etc.